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Surah 5 · Madani · 120 Ayahs

Al-Ma'idah

The Table Spread

المائدة

Establishes rules for the religious, social, and political life of Muslims, including dietary law and the sanctity of contracts, while warning the People of the Book against distorting their own revealed scriptures.

Juz 6–7Madani120 ayahs
GhunnahIdgham (with Ghunnah)Idgham ShafawiIdgham (without Ghunnah)IkhfaIqlabQalqalahMadd — natural / permissibleMadd — necessary / obligatorySilent letters
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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
1
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَاO
ٱلَّذِينَyou (who)
ءَامَنُوٓا۟believe
أَوْفُوا۟Fulfil
بِٱلْعُقُودِ ۚthe contracts
أُحِلَّتْAre made lawful
لَكُمfor you
بَهِيمَةُthe quadruped
ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ(of) the grazing livestock
إِلَّاexcept
مَاwhat
يُتْلَىٰis recited
عَلَيْكُمْon you
غَيْرَnot
مُحِلِّىbeing permitted
ٱلصَّيْدِ(to) hunt
وَأَنتُمْwhile you
حُرُمٌ ۗ(are in) Ihram
إِنَّIndeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
يَحْكُمُdecrees
مَاwhat
يُرِيدُHe wills
1

O you who have believed, fulfill [all] contracts. Lawful for you are the animals of grazing livestock except for that which is recited to you [in this Qur’ān] - hunting not being permitted while you are in the state of iḥrām. Indeed, Allāh ordains what He intends.

2
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَاO
ٱلَّذِينَyou (who)
ءَامَنُوا۟believe
لَا(Do) not
تُحِلُّوا۟violate
شَعَـٰٓئِرَ(the) rites
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
وَلَاand not
ٱلشَّهْرَthe month
ٱلْحَرَامَthe sacred
وَلَاand not
ٱلْهَدْىَthe sacrificial animals
وَلَاand not
ٱلْقَلَـٰٓئِدَthe garlanded
وَلَآand not
ءَآمِّينَ(those) coming
ٱلْبَيْتَ(to) the House
ٱلْحَرَامَthe Sacred
يَبْتَغُونَseeking
فَضْلًۭاBounty
مِّنof
رَّبِّهِمْtheir Lord
وَرِضْوَٰنًۭا ۚand good pleasure
وَإِذَاAnd when
حَلَلْتُمْyou come out of Ihram
فَٱصْطَادُوا۟ ۚthen (you may) hunt
وَلَاAnd let not
يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْincite you
شَنَـَٔانُ(the) hatred
قَوْمٍ(for) a people
أَنas
صَدُّوكُمْthey stopped you
عَنِfrom
ٱلْمَسْجِدِAl-Masjid
ٱلْحَرَامِAl-Haraam
أَنthat
تَعْتَدُوا۟ ۘyou commit transgression
وَتَعَاوَنُوا۟And help one another
عَلَىin
ٱلْبِرِّ[the] righteousness
وَٱلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖand [the] piety
وَلَاbut (do) not
تَعَاوَنُوا۟help one another
عَلَىin
ٱلْإِثْمِ[the] sin
وَٱلْعُدْوَٰنِ ۚand [the] transgression
وَٱتَّقُوا۟And fear
ٱللَّهَ ۖAllah
إِنَّindeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
شَدِيدُ(is) severe
ٱلْعِقَابِ(in) [the] punishment
2

O you who have believed, do not violate the rites of Allāh or [the sanctity of] the sacred month or [neglect the marking of] the sacrificial animals and garlanding [them] or [violate the safety of] those coming to the Sacred House seeking bounty from their Lord and [His] approval. But when you come out of iḥrām, then [you may] hunt. And do not let the hatred of a people for having obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām lead you to transgress. And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.

3
حُرِّمَتْAre made unlawful
عَلَيْكُمُon you
ٱلْمَيْتَةُthe dead animals
وَٱلدَّمُand the blood
وَلَحْمُand flesh
ٱلْخِنزِيرِ(of) the swine
وَمَآand what
أُهِلَّhas been dedicated
لِغَيْرِto other than
ٱللَّهِAllah
بِهِۦ[on it]
وَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُand that which is strangled (to death)
وَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُand that which is hit fatally
وَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُand that which has a fatal fall
وَٱلنَّطِيحَةُand that which is gored by horns
وَمَآand that which
أَكَلَate (it)
ٱلسَّبُعُthe wild animal
إِلَّاexcept
مَاwhat
ذَكَّيْتُمْyou slaughtered
وَمَاand what
ذُبِحَis sacrificed
عَلَىon
ٱلنُّصُبِthe stone altars
وَأَنand that
تَسْتَقْسِمُوا۟you seek division
بِٱلْأَزْلَـٰمِ ۚby divining arrows
ذَٰلِكُمْthat
فِسْقٌ ۗ(is) grave disobedience
ٱلْيَوْمَThis day
يَئِسَ(have) despaired
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
كَفَرُوا۟disbelieved
مِنof
دِينِكُمْyour religion
فَلَاso (do) not
تَخْشَوْهُمْfear them
وَٱخْشَوْنِ ۚbut fear Me
ٱلْيَوْمَThis day
أَكْمَلْتُI have perfected
لَكُمْfor you
دِينَكُمْyour religion
وَأَتْمَمْتُand I have completed
عَلَيْكُمْupon you
نِعْمَتِىMy Favor
وَرَضِيتُand I have approved
لَكُمُfor you
ٱلْإِسْلَـٰمَ[the] Islam
دِينًۭا ۚ(as) a religion
فَمَنِBut whoever
ٱضْطُرَّ(is) forced
فِىby
مَخْمَصَةٍhunger
غَيْرَ(and) not
مُتَجَانِفٍۢinclining
لِّإِثْمٍۢ ۙto sin
فَإِنَّthen indeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
غَفُورٌۭ(is) Oft-Forgiving
رَّحِيمٌۭMost Merciful
3

Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allāh, and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islām as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

4
يَسْـَٔلُونَكَThey ask you
مَاذَآwhat
أُحِلَّ(is) made lawful
لَهُمْ ۖfor them
قُلْSay
أُحِلَّAre made lawful
لَكُمُfor you
ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتُ ۙthe good things
وَمَاand what
عَلَّمْتُمyou have taught
مِّنَof
ٱلْجَوَارِحِ(your) hunting animals
مُكَلِّبِينَones who train animals to hunt
تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّyou teach them
مِمَّاof what
عَلَّمَكُمُhas taught you
ٱللَّهُ ۖAllah
فَكُلُوا۟So eat
مِمَّآof what
أَمْسَكْنَthey catch
عَلَيْكُمْfor you
وَٱذْكُرُوا۟but mention
ٱسْمَ(the) name
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
عَلَيْهِ ۖon it
وَٱتَّقُوا۟and fear
ٱللَّهَ ۚAllah
إِنَّIndeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
سَرِيعُis swift
ٱلْحِسَابِ(in taking) account
4

They ask you, [O Muḥammad], what has been made lawful for them. Say, "Lawful for you are [all] good foods and [game caught by] what you have trained of hunting animals which you train as Allāh has taught you. So eat of what they catch for you, and mention the name of Allāh upon it, and fear Allāh." Indeed, Allāh is swift in account.

5
ٱلْيَوْمَThis day
أُحِلَّare made lawful
لَكُمُfor you
ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتُ ۖthe good things
وَطَعَامُand (the) food
ٱلَّذِينَ(of) those who
أُوتُوا۟were given
ٱلْكِتَـٰبَthe Book
حِلٌّۭ(is) lawful
لَّكُمْfor you
وَطَعَامُكُمْand your food
حِلٌّۭ(is) lawful
لَّهُمْ ۖfor them
وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُAnd the chaste women
مِنَfrom
ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِthe believers
وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُand the chaste women
مِنَfrom
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
أُوتُوا۟were given
ٱلْكِتَـٰبَthe Book
مِنfrom
قَبْلِكُمْbefore you
إِذَآwhen
ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّyou have given them
أُجُورَهُنَّtheir bridal due
مُحْصِنِينَbeing chaste
غَيْرَnot
مُسَـٰفِحِينَbeing lewd
وَلَاand not
مُتَّخِذِىٓones (who are) taking
أَخْدَانٍۢ ۗsecret lovers
وَمَنAnd whoever
يَكْفُرْdenies
بِٱلْإِيمَـٰنِthe faith
فَقَدْthen surely
حَبِطَ(are) wasted
عَمَلُهُۥhis deeds
وَهُوَand he
فِىin
ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِthe Hereafter
مِنَ(will be) among
ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَthe losers
5

This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.

6
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَاO you
ٱلَّذِينَwho
ءَامَنُوٓا۟believe
إِذَاWhen
قُمْتُمْyou stand up
إِلَىfor
ٱلصَّلَوٰةِthe prayer
فَٱغْسِلُوا۟then wash
وُجُوهَكُمْyour faces
وَأَيْدِيَكُمْand your hands
إِلَىtill
ٱلْمَرَافِقِthe elbows
وَٱمْسَحُوا۟and wipe
بِرُءُوسِكُمْyour heads
وَأَرْجُلَكُمْand your feet
إِلَىtill
ٱلْكَعْبَيْنِ ۚthe ankles
وَإِنBut if
كُنتُمْyou are
جُنُبًۭا(in) a state of ceremonial impurity
فَٱطَّهَّرُوا۟ ۚthen purify yourselves
وَإِنBut if
كُنتُمyou are
مَّرْضَىٰٓill
أَوْor
عَلَىٰon
سَفَرٍa journey
أَوْor
جَآءَhas come
أَحَدٌۭanyone
مِّنكُمof you
مِّنَfrom
ٱلْغَآئِطِthe toilet
أَوْor
لَـٰمَسْتُمُhas (had) contact
ٱلنِّسَآءَ(with) the women
فَلَمْand not
تَجِدُوا۟you find
مَآءًۭwater
فَتَيَمَّمُوا۟then do tayyammum
صَعِيدًۭا(with) earth
طَيِّبًۭاclean
فَٱمْسَحُوا۟then wipe
بِوُجُوهِكُمْyour faces
وَأَيْدِيكُمand your hands
مِّنْهُ ۚwith it
مَاDoes not
يُرِيدُintend
ٱللَّهُAllah
لِيَجْعَلَto make
عَلَيْكُمfor you
مِّنْany
حَرَجٍۢdifficulty
وَلَـٰكِنbut
يُرِيدُHe intends
لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْto purify you
وَلِيُتِمَّand to complete
نِعْمَتَهُۥHis Favor
عَلَيْكُمْupon you
لَعَلَّكُمْso that you may
تَشْكُرُونَ(be) grateful
6

O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janābah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allāh does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful.

7
وَٱذْكُرُوا۟And remember
نِعْمَةَ(the) Favor
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
عَلَيْكُمْupon you
وَمِيثَـٰقَهُand His covenant
ٱلَّذِىwhich
وَاثَقَكُمHe bound you
بِهِۦٓwith [it]
إِذْwhen
قُلْتُمْyou said
سَمِعْنَاWe heard
وَأَطَعْنَا ۖand we obeyed
وَٱتَّقُوا۟and fear
ٱللَّهَ ۚAllah
إِنَّIndeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
عَلِيمٌۢ(is) All-Knower
بِذَاتِof what
ٱلصُّدُورِ(is in) the breasts
7

And remember the favor of Allāh upon you and His covenant with which He bound you when you said, "We hear and we obey"; and fear Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Knowing of that within the breasts.

8
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَاO you
ٱلَّذِينَwho
ءَامَنُوا۟believe
كُونُوا۟Be
قَوَّٰمِينَsteadfast
لِلَّهِfor Allah
شُهَدَآءَ(as) witnesses
بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖin justice
وَلَاand let not
يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْprevent you
شَنَـَٔانُhatred
قَوْمٍ(of) a people
عَلَىٰٓ[upon]
أَلَّاthat not
تَعْدِلُوا۟ ۚyou do justice
ٱعْدِلُوا۟Be just
هُوَit
أَقْرَبُ(is) nearer
لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖto [the] piety
وَٱتَّقُوا۟And fear
ٱللَّهَ ۚAllah
إِنَّindeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
خَبِيرٌۢ(is) All-Aware
بِمَاof what
تَعْمَلُونَyou do
8

O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm for Allāh, witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is [fully] Aware of what you do.

9
وَعَدَHas promised
ٱللَّهُAllah
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
ءَامَنُوا۟believe
وَعَمِلُوا۟and do
ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ ۙthe righteous deeds
لَهُمfor them
مَّغْفِرَةٌۭ(is) forgiveness
وَأَجْرٌand a reward
عَظِيمٌۭgreat
9

Allāh has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds [that] for them there is forgiveness and great reward.

10
وَٱلَّذِينَAnd those who
كَفَرُواْdisbelieve
وَكَذَّبُواْand deny
بِـَٔـايَـٰتِنَآOur Signs
أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَthose
أَصْحَـٰبُ(are the) companions
ٱلْجَحِيمِ(of) the Hellfire
١٠

But those who disbelieve and deny Our signs - those are the companions of Hellfire.

11
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَاO you
ٱلَّذِينَwho
ءَامَنُوا۟believe
ٱذْكُرُوا۟Remember
نِعْمَتَ(the) Favor
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
عَلَيْكُمْupon you
إِذْwhen
هَمَّdetermined
قَوْمٌa people
أَنthat
يَبْسُطُوٓا۟they stretch
إِلَيْكُمْtowards you
أَيْدِيَهُمْtheir hands
فَكَفَّbut He restrained
أَيْدِيَهُمْtheir hands
عَنكُمْ ۖfrom you
وَٱتَّقُوا۟And fear
ٱللَّهَ ۚAllah
وَعَلَىAnd upon
ٱللَّهِAllah
فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِso let put the trust
ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believers
11

O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when a people determined to extend their hands [in aggression] against you, but He withheld their hands from you; and fear Allāh. And upon Allāh let the believers rely.

12
۞ وَلَقَدْAnd certainly
أَخَذَtook
ٱللَّهُAllah
مِيثَـٰقَa Covenant
بَنِىٓ(from the) Children
إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ(of) Israel
وَبَعَثْنَاand We appointed
مِنْهُمُamong them
ٱثْنَىْtwo
عَشَرَ(and) ten
نَقِيبًۭا ۖleaders
وَقَالَAnd said
ٱللَّهُAllah
إِنِّىIndeed, I (am)
مَعَكُمْ ۖwith you
لَئِنْif
أَقَمْتُمُyou establish
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَthe prayer
وَءَاتَيْتُمُand give
ٱلزَّكَوٰةَthe zakah
وَءَامَنتُمand you believe
بِرُسُلِىin My Messengers
وَعَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْand you assist them
وَأَقْرَضْتُمُand you loan
ٱللَّهَ(to) Allah
قَرْضًاa loan
حَسَنًۭاgoodly
لَّأُكَفِّرَنَّsurely I will remove
عَنكُمْfrom you
سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمْyour evil deeds
وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّكُمْand I will surely admit you
جَنَّـٰتٍۢ(to) gardens
تَجْرِىflow
مِنfrom
تَحْتِهَاunderneath them
ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ۚthe rivers
فَمَنBut whoever
كَفَرَdisbelieved
بَعْدَafter
ذَٰلِكَthat
مِنكُمْamong you
فَقَدْthen certainly
ضَلَّhe strayed
سَوَآءَ(from) the way
ٱلسَّبِيلِthe right
12

And Allāh had already taken a covenant from the Children of Israel, and We delegated from among them twelve leaders. And Allāh said, "I am with you. If you establish prayer and give zakāh and believe in My messengers and support them and loan Allāh a goodly loan, I will surely remove from you your misdeeds and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow. But whoever of you disbelieves after that has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way."

13
فَبِمَاSo for
نَقْضِهِمtheir breaking
مِّيثَـٰقَهُمْ(of) their covenant
لَعَنَّـٰهُمْWe cursed them
وَجَعَلْنَاand We made
قُلُوبَهُمْtheir hearts
قَـٰسِيَةًۭ ۖhard
يُحَرِّفُونَThey distort
ٱلْكَلِمَthe words
عَنfrom
مَّوَاضِعِهِۦ ۙtheir places
وَنَسُوا۟and forgot
حَظًّۭاa part
مِّمَّاof what
ذُكِّرُوا۟they were reminded
بِهِۦ ۚof [it]
وَلَاAnd not
تَزَالُwill you cease
تَطَّلِعُto discover
عَلَىٰof
خَآئِنَةٍۢtreachery
مِّنْهُمْfrom them
إِلَّاexcept
قَلِيلًۭاa few
مِّنْهُمْ ۖof them
فَٱعْفُBut forgive
عَنْهُمْthem
وَٱصْفَحْ ۚand overlook
إِنَّIndeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
يُحِبُّloves
ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَthe good-doers
13

So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardened. They distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded. And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook [their misdeeds]. Indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.

14
وَمِنَAnd from
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
قَالُوٓا۟said
إِنَّاIndeed we
نَصَـٰرَىٰٓ(are) Christians
أَخَذْنَاWe took
مِيثَـٰقَهُمْtheir covenant
فَنَسُوا۟but they forgot
حَظًّۭاa part
مِّمَّاof what
ذُكِّرُوا۟they were reminded
بِهِۦof [it]
فَأَغْرَيْنَاSo We aroused
بَيْنَهُمُbetween them
ٱلْعَدَاوَةَ[the] enmity
وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَand [the] hatred
إِلَىٰtill
يَوْمِ(the) Day
ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۚ(of) the Resurrection
وَسَوْفَAnd soon
يُنَبِّئُهُمُwill inform them
ٱللَّهُAllah
بِمَاof what
كَانُوا۟they used to
يَصْنَعُونَdo
14

And from those who say, "We are Christians" We took their covenant; but they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded. So We caused among them animosity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection. And Allāh is going to inform them about what they used to do.

15
يَـٰٓأَهْلَO People
ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ(of) the Book
قَدْSurely
جَآءَكُمْhas come to you
رَسُولُنَاOur Messenger
يُبَيِّنُmaking clear
لَكُمْto you
كَثِيرًۭاmuch
مِّمَّاof what
كُنتُمْyou used to
تُخْفُونَconceal
مِنَof
ٱلْكِتَـٰبِthe Scripture
وَيَعْفُوا۟and overlooking
عَنof
كَثِيرٍۢ ۚmuch
قَدْSurely
جَآءَكُمhas come to you
مِّنَfrom
ٱللَّهِAllah
نُورٌۭa light
وَكِتَـٰبٌۭand a Book
مُّبِينٌۭclear
15

O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger making clear to you much of what you used to conceal of the Scripture and overlooking much. There has come to you from Allāh a light and a clear Book [i.e., the Qur’ān]

16
يَهْدِىGuides
بِهِwith it
ٱللَّهُAllah
مَنِ(those) who
ٱتَّبَعَseek
رِضْوَٰنَهُۥHis pleasure
سُبُلَ(to the) ways
ٱلسَّلَـٰمِ(of) the peace
وَيُخْرِجُهُمand brings them out
مِّنَfrom
ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِthe darknessess
إِلَىto
ٱلنُّورِthe light
بِإِذْنِهِۦby His permission
وَيَهْدِيهِمْand guides them
إِلَىٰto
صِرَٰطٍۢ(the) way
مُّسْتَقِيمٍۢ(the) straight
16

By which Allāh guides those who pursue His pleasure to the ways of peace and brings them out from darknesses into the light, by His permission, and guides them to a straight path.

17
لَّقَدْCertainly
كَفَرَdisbelieved
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
قَالُوٓا۟said
إِنَّIndeed
ٱللَّهَAllah
هُوَHe
ٱلْمَسِيحُ(is) the Messiah
ٱبْنُson
مَرْيَمَ ۚ(of) Maryam
قُلْSay
فَمَنThen who
يَمْلِكُhas power
مِنَagainst
ٱللَّهِAllah
شَيْـًٔا(in) anything
إِنْif
أَرَادَHe intends
أَنto
يُهْلِكَdestroy
ٱلْمَسِيحَthe Messiah
ٱبْنَson
مَرْيَمَ(of) Maryam
وَأُمَّهُۥand his mother
وَمَنand whoever
فِى(is) in
ٱلْأَرْضِthe earth
جَمِيعًۭا ۗall
وَلِلَّهِAnd for Allah
مُلْكُ(is the) dominion
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ(of) the heavens
وَٱلْأَرْضِand the earth
وَمَاand what
بَيْنَهُمَا ۚ(is) between both of them
يَخْلُقُHe creates
مَاwhat
يَشَآءُ ۚHe wills
وَٱللَّهُand Allah
عَلَىٰ(is) on
كُلِّevery
شَىْءٍۢthing
قَدِيرٌۭAll-Powerful
17

They have certainly disbelieved who say that Allāh is Christ, the son of Mary. Say, "Then who could prevent Allāh at all if He had intended to destroy Christ, the son of Mary, or his mother or everyone on the earth?" And to Allāh belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them. He creates what He wills, and Allāh is over all things competent.

18
وَقَالَتِAnd said
ٱلْيَهُودُthe Jews
وَٱلنَّصَـٰرَىٰand the Christians
نَحْنُWe (are)
أَبْنَـٰٓؤُا۟(the) children
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
وَأَحِبَّـٰٓؤُهُۥ ۚand His beloved
قُلْSay
فَلِمَThen why
يُعَذِّبُكُم(does He) punish you
بِذُنُوبِكُم ۖfor your sins
بَلْNay
أَنتُمyou (are)
بَشَرٌۭhuman beings
مِّمَّنْfrom among (those)
خَلَقَ ۚHe created
يَغْفِرُHe forgives
لِمَن[for] whom
يَشَآءُHe wills
وَيُعَذِّبُand punishes
مَنwhom
يَشَآءُ ۚHe wills
وَلِلَّهِAnd for Allah
مُلْكُ(is the) dominion
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ(of) the heavens
وَٱلْأَرْضِand the earth
وَمَاand whatever
بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ(is) between them
وَإِلَيْهِand to Him
ٱلْمَصِيرُ(is) the final return
18

But the Jews and the Christians say, "We are the children of Allāh and His beloved." Say, "Then why does He punish you for your sins?" Rather, you are human beings from among those He has created. He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills. And to Allāh belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, and to Him is the [final] destination.

19
يَـٰٓأَهْلَO People
ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ(of) the Book
قَدْSurely
جَآءَكُمْhas come to you
رَسُولُنَاOur Messenger
يُبَيِّنُhe makes clear
لَكُمْto you
عَلَىٰ[on]
فَتْرَةٍۢ(after) an interval (of cessation)
مِّنَof
ٱلرُّسُلِthe Messengers
أَنlest
تَقُولُوا۟you say
مَاNot
جَآءَنَا(has) come to us
مِنۢany
بَشِيرٍۢbearer of glad tidings
وَلَاand not
نَذِيرٍۢ ۖa warner
فَقَدْBut surely
جَآءَكُمhas come to you
بَشِيرٌۭa bearer of glad tidings
وَنَذِيرٌۭ ۗand a warner
وَٱللَّهُAnd Allah
عَلَىٰ(is) on
كُلِّevery
شَىْءٍۢthing
قَدِيرٌۭAll-Powerful
19

O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger to make clear to you [the religion] after a period [of suspension] of messengers, lest you say, "There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner." But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allāh is over all things competent.

20
وَإِذْAnd when
قَالَsaid
مُوسَىٰMusa
لِقَوْمِهِۦto his people
يَـٰقَوْمِO my people
ٱذْكُرُوا۟remember
نِعْمَةَ(the) Favor
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
عَلَيْكُمْupon you
إِذْwhen
جَعَلَHe placed
فِيكُمْamong you
أَنۢبِيَآءَProphets
وَجَعَلَكُمand made you
مُّلُوكًۭاkings
وَءَاتَىٰكُمand He gave you
مَّاwhat
لَمْnot
يُؤْتِHe (had) given
أَحَدًۭا(to) anyone
مِّنَfrom
ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَthe worlds
20

And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Moses said to his people, "O my people, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when He appointed among you prophets and made you possessors and gave you that which He had not given anyone among the worlds.

21
يَـٰقَوْمِO my people
ٱدْخُلُواْEnter
ٱلْأَرْضَthe land
ٱلْمُقَدَّسَةَthe Holy
ٱلَّتِىwhich
كَتَبَ(has been) ordained
ٱللَّهُ(by) Allah
لَكُمْfor you
وَلَاand (do) not
تَرْتَدُّواْturn
عَلَىٰٓon
أَدْبَارِكُمْyour backs
فَتَنقَلِبُواْthen you will turn back
خَـٰسِرِينَ(as) losers
٢١

O my people, enter the blessed land [i.e., Palestine] which Allāh has assigned to you and do not turn back [from fighting in Allāh's cause] and [thus] become losers."

22
قَالُوا۟They said
يَـٰمُوسَىٰٓO Musa
إِنَّIndeed
فِيهَاin it
قَوْمًۭا(are) people
جَبَّارِينَ(of) tyrannical strength
وَإِنَّاand indeed, we
لَنnever
نَّدْخُلَهَاwill enter it
حَتَّىٰuntil
يَخْرُجُوا۟they leave
مِنْهَاfrom it
فَإِنand if
يَخْرُجُوا۟they leave
مِنْهَا[from] it
فَإِنَّاthen certainly we (will)
دَٰخِلُونَenter (it)
22

They said, "O Moses, indeed within it is a people of tyrannical strength, and indeed, we will never enter it until they leave it; but if they leave it, then we will enter."

23
قَالَSaid
رَجُلَانِtwo men
مِنَfrom
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
يَخَافُونَfeared (Allah)
أَنْعَمَ(had) favored
ٱللَّهُAllah
عَلَيْهِمَا[on] both of them
ٱدْخُلُوا۟Enter
عَلَيْهِمُupon them
ٱلْبَابَ(through) the gate
فَإِذَاthen when
دَخَلْتُمُوهُyou have entered it
فَإِنَّكُمْthen indeed, you (will be)
غَـٰلِبُونَ ۚvictorious
وَعَلَىAnd upon
ٱللَّهِAllah
فَتَوَكَّلُوٓا۟then put your trust
إِنif
كُنتُمyou are
مُّؤْمِنِينَbelievers
23

Said two men from those who feared [to disobey] upon whom Allāh had bestowed favor, "Enter upon them through the gate, for when you have entered it, you will be predominant. And upon Allāh rely, if you should be believers."

24
قَالُوا۟They said
يَـٰمُوسَىٰٓO Musa
إِنَّاIndeed, we
لَنnever
نَّدْخُلَهَآwill enter it
أَبَدًۭاever
مَّاfor
دَامُوا۟as long as they are
فِيهَا ۖin it
فَٱذْهَبْSo go
أَنتَyou
وَرَبُّكَand your Lord
فَقَـٰتِلَآand you both fight
إِنَّاIndeed, we
هَـٰهُنَاare [here]
قَـٰعِدُونَsitting
24

They said, "O Moses, indeed we will not enter it, ever, as long as they are within it; so go, you and your Lord, and fight. Indeed, we are remaining right here."

25
قَالَHe said
رَبِّO my Lord
إِنِّىIndeed, I
لَآ(do) not
أَمْلِكُ(have) power
إِلَّاexcept
نَفْسِى(over) myself
وَأَخِى‌ۖand my brother
فَٱفْرُقْso (make a) separation
بَيْنَنَاbetween us
وَبَيْنَand between
ٱلْقَوْمِthe people
ٱلْفَـٰسِقِينَ(the) defiantly disobedient
٢٥

[Moses] said, "My Lord, indeed I do not possess [i.e., control] except myself and my brother, so part us from the defiantly disobedient people."

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Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Al-Ma'idah

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